What is Neurodiversity?

We often hear terms like “neurodivergent” or “neurotypical” used, but what do they actually mean, and why is it important that we know this in the first place? Understanding basic terminology is useful for comprehending important conversations that promote awareness and understanding, in order to foster a more innovative and accepting environment.

To start, what does “neurodivergent,” mean? Simply put, “neurodivergent” describes people whose brains process information differently, leading them to experience and interact with the world differently than what is considered the norm. Often, the term “neurodivergence” is used in the context of autism,  but there are a plethora of other disorders that fall under the umbrella of neurodiversity. Other common neurodivergent conditions include ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Dyscalculia, Tourette’s Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and APD (Auditory Processing Disorder). It is important to note that there is no “correct” way of thinking. There is the standard way of processing information that neurotypical people experience, but neurodivergent pathways of thinking are no less valid. 

The neurodiversity movement is fairly recent, only starting in the mid-90s. It originated from autistic self-advocacy groups, but eventually branched out and was inspired by other movements, like the disability rights movement. The concept of neurodiversity is generally accredited to be popularised by journalist Harvey Blume through two mass media articles, one published in 1997 and the other in 1998. The first time the term was used in an academic context was by sociologist Judy Singer, also in 1998.

Somewhere between 15-20% of the world’s population shows signs of neurodivergence. Common symptoms of neurodivergence include: difficulty with social interactions; difficulty focusing or staying still; sensitivity to lights, sounds, touches, or smells; heightened anxiety; clumsiness; and repetitive behaviors or routines. Most of these are not particularly drastic symptoms, in fact, it takes very little effort to make a space more accepting for neurodivergent individuals.

Adjustments for sound sensitivity (for example, noise cancelling headphones, quiet break spaces, communication about anticipated loud noises), clear communication styles (lack of sarcasm and implied verbal messages), and extra movement (fidget toys, flexible seating, movement breaks) can make a big difference. This is not a “one size fits all” for every neurodivergent symptom; there are many types of neurodivergence with many types of symptoms. Regardless, the most crucial thing about breaking barriers in any context is having patience, understanding, and an open mind.

The Neurodiversity Movement is fairly recent, but it is growing, fast. As more and more neurodiverse people are willing to share their perspectives and stories, it is important that we understand basic aspects of their lives in order to work towards building a more inclusive and efficient environment.